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Ultrasonic Phased Array originated
as early as 1959 when Tom Brown at Kelvin and Hughes filed
for a
patent
of an annular dynamically focussed transducer system. This
system latterly became known as phased array.

During recent years arrays have evolved from
4 piezoelectric elements to electronic beam manipulation using
up to 512 individual
piezoelectric
elements in one transducer housing. Thus facilitating
a complex electronic manipulation of the acoustic
wave fronts.
Until the past decade industrial application
of ultrasonic phased array technology has been rather scarce.
Undoubtedly most of this has been down to a lack of computing
power that is required for rapid excitation of the multiple element
transducers and the need to process large data files that scans
produce.
Phased array technology is the ability to modify
electronically the acoustic probe characteristics.
Probe modifications are performed
by introducing time shifts in the signals
sent to and recieved from |
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individual
elements of an array probe. Any ultrasonic techniques
for flaw detection and sizing can be applied using phased-array
probes.

Picture from RD Tech
Phased array provides high speed electronic
scanning without moving parts, improved inspection capabilities
throguh software control of beam characteristics, inspection
with multiple angles with a single electronically controlled
probe, many configurations; P/E, T/R, TOFD and Tandem, and greater
flexibility for inspection of complex geometries (optimized focusing
and optimised beam angle).
Phased array can be used for the following applications;
raw material production, aircraft, naval, power generation, petrochemical
and anything else that currently applies pulse-echo testing. |
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Level 2:
General Theory:
- Principles of phased array probes
- Principles of inspection sensitivity
- Phased Array Instrument
- Scanning with phased array probes
- Calibration and checks
- Software for data collection and data analysis
- Principles of data analysis
- Software familiarity
- Use of software tools for defect detection and sizing
- Data analysis
- Procedures for verification of flaw existence and position
- Reporting
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Level 3:
In addition to Level 2:
General Theory:
- Procedure writing
- Methods of simulating phased array inspections
- Basic knowledge of specialised applications
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